MODERN STATISTICAL TRENDS OF EXPORTS BY SEA TRANSPORT TO THE CIS COUNTRIES

Abstract

Nino Abesadze 
 Email:nino.abesadze@tsu.ge
 Associate Professor, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisis State University 
 Tbilisi, Georgia
 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6564-2771
 
 Otar Abesadze 
 Email:o.abesadze@gmail.com 
 Associate Professor, Georgian National University SEU 
 Tbilisi, Georgia
 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1644-4995
 
 Nino Paresashvili 
 Email:nino.paresashvili@tsu.ge 
 Associate Professor, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisis State University 
 Tbilisi, Georgia
 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7645-6491
 Abstract. In the modern conditions of globalization, the use of sea transport is becoming more and more popular, the share of which is quite high in export trade relations. 
 The main goal of the paper is to outline the trends in export under the conditions of sea transport and to determine the main parameters. Analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction were used in the research process, as well as specific statistical methods: observation, grouping, and analysis. For the purpose of analysis, data were processed, and indicators were calculated with computer software SPSS.
 Over the years, historically, the CIS has been and still is one of the major trade partners of Georgia. Its share in the total volume of exports is almost 50%, which was characterized by certain fluctuations in 2016-2022. If at the beginning of the period, only 35% of Georgia's total exports went to CIS countries, by 2019 its share increased to 53.8%. 
 Export relations with the CIS are mainly carried out by road (81%), while marine transport has a share of 9.8%. In 2016-2022, the average annual growth rate of exports to the CIS countries amounted to 123.9%, while the increase of exports by sea transport was 19% annually during the same period. In 2022, the share of exports by sea transport decreased, which makes up 4.7% of the total export in the CIS countries, which is 5.9 percentage points lower than the previous year's figure. Despite the fact that before and after the pandemic, Georgia has active trade relations with the countries of the region, bat a large part of re-exports, 94%, goes to the CIS countries, by road and then by sea.
 Georgia's total export to the CIS increased by 33.3% compared to the previous year, while local export decreased by 1%. The increase in exports to the CIS was largely related to the increase in re-exports because in this period re-exports increased by 76%. Despite the growth of domestic exports, re-exports have a significant share in the total exports of Georgia with the CIS, and its change affects the characteristics of foreign trade. Accordingly, the ratio between local export and re-export is variable, which amounted to 0.69 in 2022.