Abstract
Reuse of wastewater is getting progressively popular; however, it comes with a set of risks and challenges. The fit-for-purpose wastewater treatment and effective on-site farm management practices can be employed to enhance benefits and reduce risks. This paper analyses and evaluates various non-conventional treatment options and on-site farm practices for wastewater fed irrigation to grow safer products. The treatment techniques accessed covers from simple sedimentation ponds to sandbags, fabric-based and bio-sand filtrations, natural and synthetic adsorbents, and microfiltration. The advantages, risks, applicability, and limitations for all considered treatment systems have been evaluated and discussed. Likewise, farm management practices including various irrigation methods have also been evaluated. Wastewater fed drip irrigation are regarded as much safer practice, especially for the production of leafy vegetables.
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