Abstract
State estimation is an essential tool that greatly benefits the modeling, monitoring, operation, control and protection of modern power systems with increasing penetrations of converter based resources. This chapter introduces the principles of static and dynamic state estimation, with traditional measurements from SCADA systems, synchrophasor measurements from PMUs as well as sampled value measurements from Merging Units. Static state estimation assumes steady-state operation of the system, while dynamic state estimation also considers dynamic processes such as electromechanical and electromagnetic transients. Applications of static and dynamic state estimation are also discussed.
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