Abstract

Antifouling coatings are needed in many marine applications, the shipping industry being the most important, to avoid excessive growth of plant and animal organisms (biofouling) on seawater-exposed surface areas. Biofouling can negatively affect the hydrodynamics of a hull by increasing the required propulsive power and the fuel consumption. This paper reviews the development of antifouling coatings for the prevention of marine biofouling. As a result of the 2001 International Maritime Organization (IMO) ban on tributyltin (TBT), replacement antifouling coatings have to be environmentally acceptable as well as maintain a long life. Tin-free self-polishing copolymer (SPC) and foul release technologies are current applications but many alternatives have been suggested. Modern approaches to environmentally effective antifouling systems and their performance are highlighted. Environmentally harmful tributyltin self-polishing copolyner antifouling coatings was once used by as much as 70-80% of the world fleet of ocean-going ships. IMO adopted international convention on the control of harmful anti-fouling systems on ships will impact shipping industry.

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