Modern molecular approaches for analyzing microbial diversity from mushroom compost ecosystem.

Pavan Kumar Agrawal,Rahul Shrivastava,Shruti Agrawal

doi:10.1007/s13205-015-0289-2

Pavan Kumar Agrawal, Rahul Shrivastava + Show 1 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-015-0289-2

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Journal: 3 Biotech	Publication Date: Mar 18, 2015
Citations: 82	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: Jaypee University of Information Technology

Abstract

Biosphere is a store house of various microorganisms that may be employed to isolate and exploit microbes for environmental, pharmaceutical, agricultural and industrial applications. There is restricted data regarding the structure and dynamics of microbial communities in several ecosystems because only a little fraction of microbial diversity is accessible by culture methods. Owing to limitations of traditional enrichment methods and pure culture techniques, microbiological studies have offered a narrow portal for investigating microbial flora. The bacterial community represented by the morphological and nutritional criteria failed to provide a natural taxonomic order according to the evolutionary relationship. Genetic diversity among the isolates recovered from mushroom compost has not been widely studied. To understand genetic diversity and community composition of the mushroom compost microflora, different approaches are now followed by taxonomists, to characterize and identify isolates up to species level. Molecular microbial ecology is an emerging discipline of biology under molecular approach which can provide complex community profiles along with useful phylogenetic information. The genomic era has resulted in the development of new molecular tools and techniques for study of culturable microbial diversity including the DNA base ratio (mole% G + C), DNA–DNA hybridization, DNA microarray and reverse sample genome probing. In addition, non-culturable diversity of mushroom compost ecosystem can be characterized by employing various molecular tools which would be discussed in the present review.

Highlights

Mushroom compost is an interesting example of ecosystem with complex spectrum of microbial diversity
The bacterial community represented by the morphological and nutritional criteria failed to provide a natural taxonomic order according to the evolutionary relationship
It is a rich reservoir of microbial types, comprising mesophilic and thermophilic bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes (Rawat and Johri 2014)

Summary

Introduction

Mushroom compost is an interesting example of ecosystem with complex spectrum of microbial diversity. Community level physiological profile is a culture-dependent method of analyzing microbial communities This technique takes advantage of traditional methods of bacterial taxonomy in which bacterial species are identified based on their utilization of different carbon sources. Determination of phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles provides a broad diversity measurement of microbial community at the phenotypic level (Chayani et al 2001). This method provides information on the microbial community composition based on grouping of fatty acids. To understand the diversity and community composition of natural environment microflora, different molecular approaches have been developed by taxonomists that allow rapid profiling of microbial communities and provide information about specific phylogenetic groups present.

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