Modern look on congenital kidney and urinary tract abnormalities early diagnostics in children

Abstract

The article outlines the main provisions of modern data on early diagnostics of the with congenital kidney and urinary tract abnormalities in children. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of modern techniques in the diagnosis of congenital abnormalities of the fetal urinary system. Methods and results. The article summarizes survey data of 160 children with kidney and upper urinary tract abnormalities of varying severity. 70 children with prenatally diagnosed with ultrasound abnormality were included into group study. The second group consisted of 70 children who were diagnosed with congenital malformations after birth. A separate group consisted of 20 fetuses whose mothers were receiving unequal MRI results after ultrasound. Evaluation of the results comparing ultrasound and MRI data in the same patients found that most urinary tract defects were diagnosed during prenatal ultrasound. The spectrum of abnormalities can range from mild to fatal. However, the presence of oligohydramnios or obese mothers can reduce the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound, which requires additional and more informative friendly methods to visualize various pathologies of the fetus. Conclusions. It has been proved that most part of the urinary tract defects can be diagnosed prenatally by ultrasound, but MRI allows us to establish a more accurate diagnosis and resolve the issue of prolongation of pregnancy and postnatal tactics of keeping such children development.