Modern concepts on pathogenetic mechanisms of liver fibrosis

Abstract

This review summarizes current data on the pathogenetic mechanisms of fibrosis in chronic liver diseases . Controlled inflammation and transdifferentiation of hepatic stellate cells into myofibroblasts is a key element of fibrogenesis , however , further study of the role of each of the macrophage populations is required . The initiation and progression of liver fibrosis is promoted by a complex interaction of different types of liver cells , mediated by cytokines , growth factors , miRNAs . Repeated cycles of apoptosis and regeneration of hepatocytes contribute to the pathogenesis o f f ibrosis . Modern e xperimental w ork h as p roven t he r ole o f m esenchymal s tem c ells i n l iver r egeneration b y i nhibiting t he e xpression o f t he p roapoptotic BAX g ene . The i nvolution o f l iver f ibrosis i s a ssociated w ith m onocytes o f t he p rorestorative p henotype LY6Clow. On i n v ivo m odels , r egression o f f ibrosis a nd u tilization o f t he e xtracellular m atrix d epot b y i nhibition o f miRNA-221-3p o f h epatocytes h ave b een p roven .