Modern Concepts of Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis: Novel Approaches to Pharmacotherapy (Review)

Abstract

DOI: 10.17691/stm2015.7.3.19 Received August 20, 2014Y.К. Komleva, MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Biochemistry with Courses of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry;N.V. Kuvacheva, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Biochemistry with Courses of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry;О.L. Lopatina, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Biochemistry with Courses of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry;Ya.V. Gorina, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Biochemistry with Courses of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry;О.V. Frolova, Researcher, Scientific Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry;Е.А. Teplyashina, Tutor, Department of Biochemistry with Courses of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry;М.М. Petrova, MD, DSc, Professor, Head of the Department of Ambulatory Therapy, Family Medicine and Healthy Lifestyle;А.b. salmina, MD, DSc, Professor, Head of the Department of Biochemistry with Courses of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, Head of Scientific Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and PathobiochemistryKrasnoyarsk State Medical university named after Professor V.F. Voino-Yasenetksy, 1 Partizana Zheleznyaka St., Krasnoyarsk, 660022, Russian FederationThe review concerns the novel approaches to Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis represented in modern scientific literature, and aims at studying new possible targets for targeted pharmacotherapy of different stages of neurodegeneration. The multi-factorial disease results in disability and the loss of memory and cognitive functions causing life quality deterioration and the loss of legal capacity. The situation seems to be critical due to the fact that the majority of approved pharmaceuticals have just a symptomatic action rather than an adequate effect. For this reason there is the search for new target molecules for pharmacological intervention. Moreover, novel pharmaceuticals with more selective effect are being developed now.Modern concepts of Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis are based on the recognized significance of the following pathological processes: neuronal damage and death, impaired neurogenesis and cell-to-cell interactions, neuroinflammation and vasculopathy development, while the accumulation of damaged proteins can be both a trigger mechanism, and also the result of the mentioned events. Based on the above stated ideas, there being developed the pharmacological approaches aimed at preventing pathologically damaged proteins from accumulating in brain, arresting aberrant neurotransmission, the correction of neuroinflammation and impaired neurogenesis, as well as the recovery of cell-to-cell interactions.The use of adequate animal models of Alzheimer’s disease is one of promising approaches to the development of novel pharmacotherapeutical strategies.Key words: Alzheimer’s disease; neurodegeneration; target-molecules; pharmacotherapy of Alzheimer’s disease.For contacts: Salmina Alla Borisovna, e-mail: allasalmina@mail.ru