MODERN CONCEPT OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH MANAGEMENT WITH A RISK-BASED APPROACH

Abstract

The article justifies implementing a risk-based approach (RBA) in occupational safety and health (OSH) management. It considers the limitations of traditional methods of implementing preventive measures focused on reactive measures designed to respond to immediate security challenges. It further proposes modern proactive strategies that can monitor, predict, and prevent dangerous situations in the workplace in advance. The study develops and substantiates the RBA’s main principles and underscores elements, methodologies, and their integration into existing OSH management systems. It provides arguments to support decentralising decision-making closer to the sources of hazards to allow for a faster and more effective response. It also emphasises the fragmented nature of the current occupational safety and health legislation, making it challenging to integrate RBA. Recommendations suggest improving the legislative framework to support RBA and provide employers greater flexibility in choosing risk management tools and methods. The authors recognise a systematic risk monitoring and assessment approach as a critical need. The absence of regular audits and risk assessments hinders the identification and prevention of hazards. The study proposes the introduction of modern technologies and methodologies, such as the Fine and Kinney method, the Elmeri system, and the Ishikawa diagram, to improve the risk identification and assessment processes. The article also stresses the importance of informing employees about potential risks and preventive measures, which contributes to the overall safety culture in organisations. In addition, the authors outline an algorithm for implementing RBA, which includes auditing workplaces, creating electronic registers, developing safety instructions, systematic risk assessment, documenting results, and informing stakeholders. The proposed approach aims to proactively identify and mitigate occupational risks, which helps to reduce workplace accidents and occupational diseases. The article concludes that the transition to a risk-based approach is essential for improving workplace safety, reducing occupational risks, and supporting the sustainable development of enterprises. By applying RBA, organisations can achieve higher occupational safety, reduce the costs associated with accidents and injuries, and contribute to a safer and healthier work environment. Keywords: risks, occupational safety, occupational health, production, risk-based approach.