Abstract
The world population is predicted to reach 9.5 billion by 2050. This will demand powerful techniques in agricultural production. Transgenic technology can be used in both crops and animals through improved crop production, milk production and composition, improved meat production, increased disease resistance and prolificacy. To create a stable transgenic organism, foreign gene is transferred using specific methods suitable for a particular species, that include DNA microinjection, sperm-mediated DNA transfer and somatic cell nuclear transfer for transgenic animals production and Agrobacterium-mediated, microprojectile bombardment, direct DNA transfer to protoplasts for plant transformation. However, the safety of transgenic food and derivatives in the markets has to be verified for the presence and the amount of genetic modification varieties. This review addresses up to date progress from the genetically modified food industry.
Highlights
Biotechnology is the application of scientific techniques to modify plants, animals, and microorganisms to improve their value
The plants and animals, in which the genes of interest are added to their genomic DNA, are described as genetically modified organisms (GMO)
Plant transformation is defined as the introduction and integration of foreign DNA fragment in plant cells which leads to generation of transgenic plants
Summary
Biotechnology is the application of scientific techniques to modify plants, animals, and microorganisms to improve their value. Man used to change and improve the quality of food products of the selected plants and animals that harbor the most desirable traits for food production and breeding for generation. These traits should present a high yield, be easy to harvest and be non-toxic [5, 6]. The most recent application of green biotechnology is genetic modification (GM), referred to as gene technology, genetic engineering, genetic manipulation or recombinant DNA technology This technology involves the insertion of a gene from a foreign source such as yeasts, viruses, bacteria, animals or plants into typically unrelated species [7]. Global area of biotech crops from 1996 to 2013 (million hectares)
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