Abstract
The urgency of solving environmental problems of disturbed territories is obvious in connection with the accumulation of a huge amount of waste from mining and metallurgical industries, deposited in slime and tailings dumps, overburden dumps, slags and substandard raw materials. Environmental rehabilitation of such territories is determined by both the possible long-term existence of such objects and the prospect of their reuse. In this regard, the use of new geosynthetic materials, the most promising and effective method of restoring ecological characteristics of the areas of violations of land, based on the implementation of the principle of least possible scope of application of topsoil and vegetation established, carrying out sanitary-hygienic function, contributes to the improvement of the environment in the areas of enterprise functioning. The article presents the results of applied research on the reclamation of the horizon the shortage of topsoil, or when you use the fertile layer, exposed to long-term storage in dumps. And the planting of grass vegetation on the recultivated surface that corresponds to the regional nature of environmental optimization measures, taking into account zonal features, will ensure the creation of sod that stops the processes of deflation and water erosion.
Highlights
The result of active development of mineral deposits was the formation of a fairly large number of dumps, warehouses, and storage facilities for enrichment waste
The world's experience in reclamation of disturbed lands is less than a hundred years old, and the first works were carried out in the United States (1926) on sites disturbed by mining operations
Reclamation was widely developed in Europe and the United States in the pre-war years and mainly after World War II
Summary
The result of active development of mineral deposits was the formation of a fairly large number of dumps, warehouses, and storage facilities for enrichment waste. After the end of operation, reclamation, in order to eliminate their harmful impact on the environment, becomes an integral part of environmental protection measures The solution to this problem is to create a cover that could perform anti-erosion functions and would be sufficiently stable and durable. The conducted research [9] shows that the use of the method of reclamation layer using large volumes of potentially fertile rocks and soil cannot be recognized as universal, in particular in areas with a deficit of the fertile layer (PS) of the soil, or when using PS subjected to long-term storage in dumps, so when developing methods of waste reclamation in recent years, technology developers proceed from the principle of minimal land use. It is necessary to take into account the negative changes that occur in natural systems that are specific to each natural zone due to their interaction with production systems
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