Moderate Weight Loss Modifies Leptin and Ghrelin Synthesis Rhythms but Not the Subjective Sensations of Appetite in Obesity Patients.

Juan José Hernández Morante,Inmaculada Díaz Soler,Juana Mª Morillas Ruiz,Carlos Manuel Martínez,Horacio Pérez Sánchez,Mª Del Carmen Barberá Ortega,Joaquín S Galindo Muñoz

doi:10.3390/nu12040916

Juan José Hernández Morante, Inmaculada Díaz Soler + Show 5 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12040916

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Abstract

Obesity is characterized by a resistance to appetite-regulating hormones, leading to a misalignment between the physiological signals and the perceived hunger/satiety signal. A disruption of the synthesis rhythm may explain this situation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary-induced weight loss on the daily rhythms of leptin and ghrelin and its influence on the daily variability of the appetite sensations of patients with obesity. Twenty subjects with obesity underwent a hypocaloric dietary intervention for 12 weeks. Plasma leptin and ghrelin were analyzed at baseline and at the end of the intervention and in 13 normal-weight controls. Appetite ratings were analyzed. Weight loss decreased leptin synthesis (pauc < 0.001) but not the rhythm characteristics, except the mean variability value (pmesor = 0.020). By contrast, the mean ghrelin level increased after weight loss. The rhythm characteristics were also modified until a rhythm similar to the normal-weight subjects was reached. The amount of variability of leptin and ghrelin was correlated with the effectiveness of the dietary intervention (p < 0.020 and p < 0.001, respectively). Losing weight partially restores the daily rhythms of leptin and modifies the ghrelin rhythms, but appetite sensations are barely modified, thus confirming that these hormones cannot exercise their physiological function properly.

Highlights

Despite the many advancements in the knowledge of the pathophysiological basis of obesity, this disease remains one of the main factors of disability and mortality in the world [1]
We evaluated the relationship between the rhythmometric properties of appetite-related variables and the effectiveness of the weight loss dietary intervention
The results indicate that weight loss did not modify the daily hunger perceptions (Figure 3a)

Summary

Introduction

Despite the many advancements in the knowledge of the pathophysiological basis of obesity, this disease remains one of the main factors of disability and mortality in the world [1]. Previous studies have suggested a relationship between obesity and the risk of chronic diseases (metabolic, cardiovascular, arteriopathies, mental diseases, or even cancer), the World Obesity Federation considers obesity as a chronic disease itself [2]. Regardless of how it is considered, the fact is that obesity may induce disability and early retirement with a significant increase in medical costs to the National Health System. The World Health Organization developed a plan to reduce the obesity prevalence in its Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Non-Communicable.

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