Abstract
One of the most relevant drawbacks in medicine is the ability of drugs and/or imaging agents to reach cells. Nanotechnology opened new horizons in drug delivery, and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) represent a promising delivery vehicle for their adjustable size and shape, high-density surface ligand attachment, etc. AgNPs cellular uptake involves different endocytosis mechanisms, including lipid raft-mediated endocytosis. Since static magnetic fields (SMFs) exposure induces plasma membrane perturbation, including the rearrangement of lipid rafts, we investigated whether SMF could increase the amount of AgNPs able to pass the peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) plasma membrane. To this purpose, the effect of 6-mT SMF exposure on the redistribution of two main lipid raft components (i.e., disialoganglioside GD3, cholesterol) and on AgNPs uptake efficiency was investigated. Results showed that 6 mT SMF: (i) induces a time-dependent GD3 and cholesterol redistribution in plasma membrane lipid rafts and modulates gene expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), (ii) increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and lipid peroxidation, (iii) does not induce cell death and (iv) induces lipid rafts rearrangement, that, in turn, favors the uptake of AgNPs. Thus, it derives that SMF exposure could be exploited to enhance the internalization of NPs-loaded therapeutic or diagnostic molecules.
Highlights
The improvement in designing nanosized materials (NMs) to be used as a delivery system is an important goal in nanomedicine
Molecules 2020, 25, 1398 papers, we demonstrated that AgNPs synthetized by using β-d-glucose (AgNPs-G) as a reducing agent to prevent dissolution of Ag+ enter Hela cells [8] and human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) [9] in an amount- and incubation time-dependent manner
Cultures of isolated PBLs show a progressive decrement due to spontaneous cell death unless they are supplemented with a mitogen, like PHA, able to transform large population of lymphocytes in mitotically active cells, and they can be maintained in culture up to 1 week by preventing cell death (Figure S1)
Summary
The improvement in designing nanosized materials (NMs) to be used as a delivery system is an important goal in nanomedicine. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are receiving significant attention in improving timed/controlled intracellular drug and imaging agent deliveries [1]. The optical properties of AgNPs could be used in cancer therapy based on the application of light, such as photodynamic therapy [2]. To better optimize AgNPs biomedical applications, two main aspects are investigated, i.e., safer synthesis methods and deeper knowledge of NPs cellular uptake mechanisms [3]
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