Moderate prevalence of HIV-1 transmitted drug resistance mutations in southern Brazil

Larissa Danielle Bahls,Vera Alice Fernandes Meneguetti,Edna Maria Vissoci Reiche,Luis Toshio Ueda,Pedro Henrique Canezin,Dennis Armando Bertolini,José Ricardo Colleti Dias,José Carlos Couto Fernandez

doi:10.1186/s12981-019-0219-1

Abstract

BackgroundDespite the advances in therapy, the occurrence of drug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is a major obstacle to successful treatment. This study aimed to characterize the genetic diversity and to determine the prevalence of transmitted drug resistance mutations (TDRM) between individuals recently or chronically diagnosed with HIV-1 from Paraná, Brazil.MethodsA total of 260 HIV-1 positive antiretroviral therapy-naïve patients were recruited to participate on the study, of which 39 were recently diagnosed. HIV-1 genotyping was performed using sequencing reaction followed by phylogenetic analyses to determine the HIV-1 subtype. TDRM were defined using the Calibrated Population Resistance Tool program.ResultsThe HIV-1 subtypes frequency found in the studied population were 54.0% of subtype B, 26.7% subtype C, 6.7% subtype F1 and 12.7% recombinant forms. The overall prevalence of TDRM was 6.7%, including 13.3% for recently diagnosed subjects and 5.9% for the chronic group.ConclusionsThe prevalence of resistance mutations found in this study is considered moderate, thus to perform genotyping tests before the initiation of antiretroviral therapy may be important to define the first line therapy and contribute for the improvement of regional prevention strategies for epidemic control.

Highlights

Despite the advances in therapy, the occurrence of drug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is a major obstacle to successful treatment
A total of 281 volunteers agreed to participate in the study; 91 of them were attended at the Maringá SAE and 190 at the Londrina SAE
The viral load levels found among individuals in the Chronic group were significantly higher (p = 0.0004) than those found in individuals whose infection was considered recent

Summary

Introduction

Despite the advances in therapy, the occurrence of drug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is a major obstacle to successful treatment. This study aimed to characterize the genetic diversity and to determine the prevalence of transmitted drug resistance mutations (TDRM) between individuals recently or chronically diagnosed with HIV-1 from Paraná, Brazil. The rate of AIDS detection and mortality has been decreasing steadily in Brazil in recent. Moderate levels of TDRM have been reported in Brazil [9,10,11,12,13,14], ranging from 3.8% in Maranhão [10] to 13.9% in São Paulo [12], the genotyping test is not available for most treatment-naïve patients [15]

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