Moderate Preoperative Shoulder Stiffness Does Not Alter the Clinical Outcome of Rotator Cuff Repair With Arthroscopic Release and Manipulation

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine whether moderate preoperative shoulder stiffness affects the clinical outcome of rotator cuff repair, and to evaluate the serial change in range of motion (ROM), functional scores, pain, and satisfaction after rotator cuff repair. Rotator cuff repair was performed in 125 consecutive patients (127 shoulders). Thirty patients had concomitant moderate shoulder stiffness at the time of the repair. There were no statistical differences in sex ratio, age, the size and retraction of the tear, or the associated pathologies and repair procedure between the stiffness and nonstiffness groups. Arthroscopic capsular release and manipulation were added to the stiffness group, and the same rehabilitation protocol was applied according to the size of the tear. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using ROM, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeon (ASES) score, Constant score, Simple Shoulder Test (SST), and short form 36. Pain and postoperative patient satisfaction were measured by a visual analog scale. All clinical parameters were prospectively recorded on the day before surgery, and at 3, 6, and 9 months postoperatively, and at their last follow-up visit. Differences of ROM did not reach statistical significance after 6 months of operation. Other functional outcome instruments showed no statistical difference at any follow-up period. Postoperative cuff integrity after 1 year showed no statistical difference between 2 groups. This study suggests that moderate preoperative shoulder stiffness does not affect clinical outcomes of rotator cuff repair if arthroscopic capsular release with manipulation is added to the index procedure. Arthroscopic capsular release with manipulation and a well programmed rehabilitation program can avoid any delay of surgery and limitation of motion after cuff repair in patients with concomitant moderate shoulder stiffness. Level III, retrospective comparative study.