Abstract
Background: In addition to the cardiovascular and renal systems, the gastrointestinal tract also contains angiotensin ATR1a, ATR1b, and ATR2. We previously observed that the 2Kidney-1Clip hypertension model elicits physical exercise and gastrointestinal dysmotility, which is prevented by renin-angiotensin system blockers. Here, we investigate the effect of physical exercise on inflammation, stress biomarkers, and angiotensin II receptors in the duodenum of 2K1C rats.Methods: Arterial hypertension was induced by the 2K1C surgical model. The rats were allocated in Sham, 2K1C, or 2K1C+Exercise groups. One week after surgery, they were submitted to a physical exercise protocol (running 5x/week, 60min/day). Next, we assessed their intestinal contractility, cytokine levels (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6), oxidative stress levels (MPO, GSH, MDA, and SOD), and the gene expression of angiotensin receptors (ATR1A, ATR1B, and ATR2).Results: In comparison with the Sham group, the 2K1C arterial hypertension decreased (p<0.05) the intestinal contractility. In comparison with 2K1C, the 2K1C+Exercise group exhibited lower (p<0.05) MPO activity (22.04±5.90 vs. 78.95±18.09 UMPO/mg tissue) and higher (p<0.05) GSH concentrations in intestinal tissues (67.63±7.85 vs. 31.85±5.90mg NPSH/mg tissue). The 2K1C+Exercise group showed lower (p<0.05) cytokine levels in the intestine than 2K1C rats. In comparison with the Sham group, the 2K1C+Exercise rats showed higher (p<0.05) gene expression of ATR2 in the duodenum.Conclusion: 2K-1C hypertension elicits an oxidative stress and inflammation process in the duodenum. Physical exercise modulates the expression twice as much of ATR2 receptors, suggesting possible anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects induced by exercise.
Highlights
Arterial hypertension is a multifactorial clinical condition characterized by sustained elevation of systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels (Oparil et al, 2018)
We suggest that the increase in circulating angiotensin II, due to renovascular hypertension, is associated with inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, via activation of angiotensin ATR1 located in the duodenum circular and longitudinal layers, as well as in the myenteric plexus (Garg et al, 2012; He et al, 2019)
One can infer that physical exercise protects the gastrointestinal tract mainly because of its actions to control oxidative stress (Qin et al, 2017), which can be noted by its role in reducing inflammation, as observed in the present study
Summary
Arterial hypertension is a multifactorial clinical condition characterized by sustained elevation of systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels (Oparil et al, 2018). The insertion of a silver clip in the kidney to constrict the renal artery causes supra-regulation of the RAAS, eliciting a chronic increase in the blood pressure values (Goldblatt et al, 1934). According to a description of Oliveira-Sales et al (2014), Gromotowicz-Poplawska et al (2018), and Roncari et al (2018), the hypertensive state is sustained within 5 weeks, due to the increase in plasma concentrations of renin and, the increase in the production of angiotensin II and its action on AT1 receptors. We previously observed that the 2Kidney-1Clip hypertension model elicits physical exercise and gastrointestinal dysmotility, which is prevented by renin-angiotensin system blockers. We investigate the effect of physical exercise on inflammation, stress biomarkers, and angiotensin II receptors in the duodenum of 2K1C rats
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
