Moderate Patient-Prosthesis Mismatch Predicts Cardiac Events and Advanced Functional Class in Young and Middle-Aged Patients Undergoing Surgery Due to Severe Aortic Stenosis

Abstract

The clinical impact of patient-prosthesis mismatch (PPM) on outcomes in young and middle-aged patients undergoing surgery for aortic valve replacement (AVR) remains unknown. Our objective was to examine the mid-term impact of PPM on overall mortality, quality of life, and cardiac events in this population. All patients younger than 70 years of age undergoing isolated AVR from October 2005 to October 2011 were analyzed. PPM was defined as the indexed effective orifice area ≤ 0.85 cm(2) /m(2) . We studied the impact of PPM on mid-term overall mortality, cardiac events, and New York Heart Association functional class using an analysis stratified for propensity score. Cardiac events were defined as cardiac death, sudden death, hospital readmission due to angina, syncope or heart failure or reoperation on aortic prosthesis. Two hundred and ninety-three patients were included in the study, of whom 81 (27.61%) had some degree of PPM. PPM had no impact on mid-term overall mortality (HR=1.45; 95% CI=0.65-3.22; p=0.36), although it had a negative impact on cardiac events (HR=11.52; 95% CI=5.25-25.24; p<0.001) and functional class (RR=7.55; 95% CI=2.59-22.03; p<0.001). Moderate PPM appears to be a strong and independent predictor of cardiac events and advanced functional class in young and middle-aged patients undergoing AVR for severe stenosis. However, it is possible that it has no impact on overall mortality.