Abstract
Background and Aim: Individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) and Freezing of Gait (FOG) have impaired postural control, which relate to the severity of FOG. The aim of this study was to analyze whether a moderate frequency resistance (RT) and balance training (BT), respectively, are effective to diminish FOG.Methods: This post-hoc sub-analysis of a randomized controlled training intervention study of PD patients with and without FOG reports about results from FOG patients. Twelve FOG patients performed RT and 8 BT (training 2x/week, 7 weeks). Testing was performed prior and post intervention. FOG was assessed with the FOG Questionnaire (FOGQ) and with the FOG score of a FOG provoking walking course. Balance performance was evaluated with the Fullerton Advanced Balance (FAB) scale. Tests were conducted by raters blinded to group allocation and assessment time point (only FOG score and FAB scale).Results: For the FOGQ and FOG score, no significant differences were found within and between the two training groups (p > 0.05) and effect sizes for the improvements were small (r < 0.1). Groups did not significantly improve in the FAB scale. FOG score changes and FAB scale changes within the RT group showed a trend toward significant negative correlation (Rho = −0.553, p = 0.098).Conclusions: Moderate frequency RT and BT was not effective in reducing FOG in this pilot study. The trend toward negative correlation between changes in FOG score and FAB scale suggests an interaction between balance (improvement) and FOG (improvement). Future studies should include larger samples and high frequency interventions to investigate the role of training balance performance to reduce the severity of FOG.
Highlights
Freezing of gait (FOG) in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a disabling symptom which is defined as the “brief, episodic absence or marked reduction of forward progression of the feet despite the intention to walk” [1]
In a recent study we compared resistance training (RT) with balance training (BT) to improve postural control in PD and we showed that RT was beneficial to improve balance performance
This study is a sub-analysis of a randomized controlled trial that investigated the efficacy of RT vs. BT to improve postural control in PD (N = 40) [9]
Summary
Freezing of gait (FOG) in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a disabling symptom which is defined as the “brief, episodic absence or marked reduction of forward progression of the feet despite the intention to walk” [1]. It has been shown that FOG-specific training interventions, such as cueing, can reduce FOG [2–4] It is unclear whether non-FOG-specific exercises which target FOG-related deficits alleviate FOG. Plotnik et al [8] proposed that FOG might be a result of multiple with FOG associated motor impairments such as dynamic postural control, gait asymmetry, and gait variability. According to this framework, FOG might occur if enough of these features deteriorate. Individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Freezing of Gait (FOG) have impaired postural control, which relate to the severity of FOG. The aim of this study was to analyze whether a moderate frequency resistance (RT) and balance training (BT), respectively, are effective to diminish FOG
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