Abstract
BackgroundThe enrichment of diet with nutrients with potential benefits on body composition is a strategy to combat obesity. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) due its beneficial effects on body composition and inflammatory processes becomes an interesting candidate, since the promotion and impairment of obesity is closely linked to a low-grade inflammation state of adipose tissue. Previously we reported the favourable effects of moderate doses of CLA mixture on body composition and inflammatory status of adipose tissue in mice fed a standard-fat diet. In the present study we assessed the potential beneficial effects of CLA mixture (cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12, 50:50) in mice fed a high-fat diet.MethodsTwo doses were assayed: 0.15 g (CLA1) and 0.5 g CLA/kg body weight (CLA2) for the first 30 days of the study and then animals received a double amount for another 35 days.ResultsThe lowest dose (CLA1) had minor effects on body composition, plasma parameters and gene expression. However, a clear reduction in fat accumulation was achieved by CLA2, accompanied by a reduction in leptin, adiponectin and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) plasma concentrations. Insulin sensitivity was maintained despite a slight increase in fasting glucose and insulin plasma concentrations. The study of gene expression both in adipocytes and in the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) suggested that CLA may reduce either the infiltration of macrophages in adipose tissue or the induction of expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines.ConclusionIn conclusion, the use of moderate doses of an equimolar mix of the two main CLA isomers reduces body fat content, improves plasma lipid profile, maintains insulin sensitivity (despite a moderate degree of hyperinsulinaemia) without the promotion of inflammatory markers in adipose tissue of mice fed a high-fat diet.
Highlights
The enrichment of diet with nutrients with potential benefits on body composition is a strategy to combat obesity
Lower body weight gain was observed during the treatment by Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) (Figure 1) and the effects were more noticeable from day 30 onwards, with doubled doses, and in the CLA2 group, in which the increase in body weight gain for the last 30 days of study was 39% lower than in control group
Epididymal adipose tissue was digested by collagenase and separated into mature adipocytes and stromal vascular fraction
Summary
The enrichment of diet with nutrients with potential benefits on body composition is a strategy to combat obesity. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) due its beneficial effects on body composition and inflammatory processes becomes an interesting candidate, since the promotion and impairment of obesity is closely linked to a low-grade inflammation state of adipose tissue. In some studies conducted in mice —the most sensitive species— fat loss triggered by CLA was accompanied by deleterious side effects such as insulin resistance, hyperinsulinaemia and liver steatosis [8,9,10,11]. Both beneficial and detrimental effects of CLA supplementation are more modest or less evident in human studies. A recent meta-analysis of human studies supports a modest effect of CLA reducing body fat [12]
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