Moderate and severe household food insecurity predicts stunting and severe stunting among Rwanda children aged 6-59months residing in Gicumbi district.

Abstract

Household food insecurity (HFI) plays an important role in child malnutrition in many low-income countries. We determined the association between HFI and stunting and severe stunting among Rwandan children from the Gicumbi district, aged 6-59months using a cross-sectional study of 2,222 children. HFI factor was calculated by summing all seven HFI (access) frequency questions and was categorised into food security, mildly food insecurity, moderately food insecurity, and severe food insecurity. The association between stunting, severe stunting, and HFI was determined using the multiple logistic regression analyses that adjust for clustering and sampling weights. The odds of moderate and severe HFI were significantly higher among stunted children aged 6-59months than those who were not stunted (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=1.43; 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.11, 1.84] and AOR=1.35; 95% CI [1.08, 1.69], respectively). Children from households with moderate food insecurity were 2.47 times more likely to be severely stunted (AOR=2.47; 95% CI [1.77, 3.46]), and those from households with severe food insecurity were more likely to be severely stunted (AOR=1.82; 95% CI [1.34, 2.48]), compared with children aged 6-59months from households with food security. Other factors included male children and children who did not attend monthly growth monitoring sessions. This study showed that moderate and severe HFI correlated with stunting and severe stunting. Interventions to improve stunting in Gicumbi children should also focus on male children, children who did not attend monthly growth monitoring sessions, and households with moderate and severe food insecurity.