Moderate and deep sedation for children: a retrospective analysis for failure reasons

Abstract

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the factors of failure in moderate and deep sedation in children and to improve the success rate of sedation in the future. Methods Forty-eight thousand one hundred and fifty-eight patients who failed to cooperate for painless procedures were enrolled. According to the criterion of sedation in shanghai children′s medical center, pediatric outpatients were sedated by chloral hydrate and/or phenobarbital for procedures of echocardiography, CT and MRI (31 076, 7 368 and 9 714), respectively. A retrospective analysis was performed for factors which affected the rates of failure. Results There were 4 164(8.6%) failure cases in the study. For echocardiography, CT and MRI sedation, the failure rates were 7.4%, 9.3% and 12.2% respectively. The failure rate of echocardiography was lower than CT and MRI(P<0.05). The failure rate of sedation had an ascending tendency with prolonged fasting time and increased age(P<0.05). Conclusions Multiple factors might affect the efficacy of sedation. For further improvement of success rate in moderate and deep sedation in pediatric outpatients, we should reasonably adjust and modulate some of these factors. Key words: Pediatric; Sedation