Moderate Alcohol Consumption and Depressive Symptoms Among Permanent Supportive Housing Residents

Abstract

Abstract Objectives The objective of this analysis was to evaluate the influence of alcohol consumption on depressive symptoms among permanent supportive housing (PSH) residents within the context of other lifestyle factors. Methods A longitudinal analysis was conducted among 420 PSH residents participating in a technology-assisted health coaching program. Three timepoints were included: baseline, six-month, and twelve-month assessment visits. The independent variable was alcohol use, measured by the Timeline Follow-Back (TLFB). The dependent variable was depressive symptoms, measured by the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Covariates included total vegetable and fruit intake, tobacco use, social support, satisfaction with leisure activities, race, sex, age, and visit. The interaction of social support with the lifestyle behaviors was evaluated. Results Heavy alcohol consumers had greater depressive symptoms compared with moderate alcohol consumers (b = 1.54, P = 0.01). However, there was not a statistically significant difference in depressive symptoms between non-consumers of alcohol and moderate alcohol consumers (b = 0.77, P = 0.19). Social support was not a statistically significant effect modifier. Conclusions Moderate alcohol consumption may reduce the risk of having depressive symptoms among PSH residents. Funding Sources Funding for the program was provided through a Medicaid 1115 Waiver to the State of Texas.