Abstract
This cross-sectional study is one of the first to examine and compare the independent associations of objectively measured sedentary time, moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and fitness with cardio-metabolic risk factors. We studied 543 men and women (aged 18–49 years) from the NHANES 2003–2004 survey. Sedentary time and MVPA were measured by accelerometry. Fitness was assessed with a submaximal treadmill test. Cardio-metabolic risk factors included: waist circumference (WC), BMI, blood pressure, fasting glucose, HDL- and non HDL cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), and C-reactive protein (CRP). Sedentary time, MVPA and fitness were used as predictors for the cardio-metabolic outcomes in a multiple regression analysis. Standardized regression coefficients were computed. Results show that sedentary time was associated with HDL-cholesterol (β = −0.080, p = 0.05) and TG (β = 0.080, p = 0.03). These results became non-significant after adjustment for MVPA and fitness. MVPA was associated with WC (β = −0.226), BMI (β = −0.239), TG (β = −0.108) and HDL-cholesterol (β = 0.144) (all p < 0.05). These results remained significant after adjustment for sedentary time and fitness. Fitness was associated with WC (β = −0.287), BMI (β = −0.266), systolic blood pressure (β = −0.159), TG (β = −0.092), and CRP (β = −0.130) (all p < 0.05). After adjustment for sedentary time and MVPA these results remained significant. These differences in relative importance of sedentary time, MVPA and fitness on cardio-metabolic-risk are important in the design of prevention programs. In this population, the strength of the associations between MVPA and fitness with cardio-metabolic markers appeared to be similar; both MVPA and fitness showed independent associations with cardio-metabolic risk factors. In contrast, sedentary time showed no independent associations with cardio-metabolic risk after correction for fitness and MVPA.
Highlights
Physical activity (PA) is effective in the prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) by improving cardio-metabolic risk factors such as hypertension, elevated LDL-cholesterol levels and increased inflammatory markers [1,2]
In a cross-sectional study using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003–2004 data we examined the strength of the associations between objectively measured sedentary time, moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and cardiorespiratory fitness with several cardio-metabolic risk factors: Body mass Index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), fasting glucose, HDL- and non HDL cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), and C-reactive protein (CRP) and metabolic syndrome
MVPA and fitness were added in the model of sedentary time; sedentary time and fitness were added in the model of MVPA; and sedentary time and MVPA were added in the model of fitness
Summary
Physical activity (PA) is effective in the prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) by improving cardio-metabolic risk factors such as hypertension, elevated LDL-cholesterol levels and increased inflammatory markers [1,2]. Cardiorespiratory fitness (henceforward fitness) is another important determinant of cardio-metabolic health as it is associated with a lower risk for metabolic syndrome [10] and lower CVD mortality [11]. In a cross-sectional study using NHANES 2003–2004 data we examined the strength of the associations between objectively measured sedentary time, MVPA and cardiorespiratory fitness with several cardio-metabolic risk factors: Body mass Index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), systolic and. Obtaining insight in the relative importance of sedentary time, MVPA and fitness on these cardio-metabolic-risk factors will contribute to designing more adequate prevention programs
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