Models of science–policy interaction: Exploring approaches to Bisphenol A management in the EU

Abstract

This study investigated science–policy interaction models and their limitations under conditions of uncertainty. In detail, it looked at the management of the suspected endocrine-disrupting chemical Bisphenol A (BPA). Despite growing evidence that BPA is hazardous to human and environmental health, the level of scientific uncertainty is still high and, as a result, there is significant disagreement on the actual extent and type of risk. Analysis of decision-making processes at different regulatory levels (EU, Sweden, and the Swedish municipality of Gothenburg) exposed chemicals risk management and associated science–policy interaction under uncertainty.The results of the study show that chemicals management and associated science–policy interaction follow the modern model of science–policy interaction, where science is assumed to ‘speak truth to policy’ and highlights existing limitations of this model under conditions of uncertainty. The study not only explores alternative models (precautionary, consensus, science–policy demarcation. and extended participation) but also shows their limitations. The study concludes that all models come with their particular underlying assumptions, strengths, and limitations. At the same time, by exposing serious limitations of the modern model, the study calls for a rethinking of the relationship between science, policy, and management.