Abstract
The article is the first to structure the concept of “model of federalism”. According to the author, it includes such essential elements as the initial factors that influenced the formation of the state, the stages of its development and the essential components of the model, namely, historical-typological and genesis ones features of federalism and the vector of development. Based on the use of historical and state literature, constitutional and legal materials, and the results of a recently published international political science project, the author examines the models of federalism of neighboring countries-Switzerland and Germany, formed in the middle of the XIX century, proposes its graphic description. These states vary in territorial extent and state dynamics, but are still similar at the initial stages of the formation of a federal model, namely the transition to a federal form from a confederal one. Also, the Swiss and German models were radically different from the point of view of their essence and their genesis, but they had a uniform centripetal vector, which in modern globalization conditions is characterized by a strengthening of the management center and a decrease in the autonomy of the subjects.
Highlights
Разнообразные подходы к исследованию федерализма и федерации в мировой науке отражают как многотомные фундаментальные издания[1], так и самые последние итоговые публикации о только что завершившихся международных политологических проектах[2]
The article is the first to structure the concept of “model of federalism”. It includes such essential elements as the initial factors that influenced the formation of the state, the stages of its development and the essential components of the model, namely, historical-typological and genesis ones features of federalism and the vector of development
Based on the use of historical and state literature, constitutional and legal materials, and the results of a recently published international political science project, the author examines the models of federalism of neighboring countries-Switzerland and Germany, formed in the middle of the XIX century, proposes its graphic description
Summary
Разнообразные подходы к исследованию федерализма и федерации в мировой науке отражают как многотомные фундаментальные издания[1], так и самые последние итоговые публикации о только что завершившихся международных политологических проектах[2]. Она включает в себя такие принципиально важные элементы, как исходные факторы, оказавшие влияние на формирование конкретного федеративного государства, этапы его развития и сущностные составляющие модели, а именно историко-типологические и генезисные особенности федерализма и вектор развития. Также швейцарская и германская модели кардинально отличались и с точки зрения своей сущности и своего генезиса, но имели единообразный центростремительный вектор, для которого в современных глобализационных условиях характерно усиление управленческого центра и сокращение автономности субъектов.
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