Models for university technology transfer operation: patent agency and 2g

Abstract

To transfer and practically implement academic knowledge in wider society is not straightforward, and a range of measures have been used to improve technology transfer and dissemination of research from universities. One example is the technology transfer offices (TTOs), which have been set up at almost every US research university since the Bayh-Dole Act in 1980. Most TTO operations conform to a 'patent agency' model of operation where the focus is on selling patentable inventions to industrial adopters. The success of traditional TTO operations in terms of technology transfer, economic performance, and impact on academic life has, however, been questioned. This article outlines the principles of an alternative model for university technology transfer operations. The 2g model has a wider focus which might lead to increased technology transfer including a wider number of inventions and areas than current TTO practice.