Abstract
One of the international problems of public transport system is that domestic (long-distance, regional) links are served both by buses and trains in parallel, furthermore it also appears in road systems connecting hamlets, as flexible systems have been operated besides traditional public transport services. This situation can result in a competition, generating a non-sustainable system. This mainly exists in countries, where the interurban public transport is based on a public service contract. The created models for optimizing the parallel public transport systems can be applied generally.
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