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Abstract
Gear pumps represent the majority of the fixed displacement machines used for flow generation in fluid power systems. In this context, the paper presents a review of the different methodologies used in the last years for the simulation of the flow rates generated by gerotor, external gear and crescent pumps. As far as the lumped parameter models are concerned, different ways of selecting the control volumes into which the pump is split are analyzed and the main governing equations are presented. The principles and the applications of distributed models from 1D to 3D are reported. A specific section is dedicated to the methods for the evaluation of the necessary geometric quantities: analytic, numerical and Computer-Aided Design (CAD)-based. The more recent studies taking into account the influence on leakages of the interactions between the fluid and the mechanical parts are explained. Finally the models for the simulation of the fluid aeration are described. The review brings to evidence the increasing effort for improving the simulation models used for the design and the optimization of the gear machines.
Highlights
In positive displacement pumps, the flow rate is generated by the cyclic variation of a number of variable volume chambers and the delivery port is ideally positively sealed from the inlet side.In gear machines the chambers are formed by the mating of two rotors, one of which is driven by the prime mover through a shaft
The most popular profile type for the external and crescent machines is represented by the involute of circle, while for the gerotor pumps by the circular arc
For crescent and external gear pumps, if the profile of the teeth is the very common involute-type, of the vector-rays as function of the shaft angle is given by a second-order polynomial
Summary
In gear machines the chambers are formed by the mating of two rotors, one of which is driven by the prime mover through a shaft. Merits of gear machines are the low cost due to the small number of components and the high reliability. Such kinds of pumps can be classified as external gear ( called spur gear) or internal gear. The former is constituted by two externally toothed rotors, normally identical, the latter by an internally toothed ring driven by an externally toothed rotor. The internal gear pumps can be classified as gerotor, if the difference between the number of teeth of the gears is one, and otherwise as crescent pumps, characterized by the presence of a fixed sealing element, the crescent
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