Abstract
This paper investigates the variability of various circuits and systems over temperature and presents several methods to improve their performance over temperature. The work demonstrates use of large scale reconfigurable System-On-Chip (SOC) for reducing the variability of circuits and systems compiled on a Floating Gate (FG) based Field Programmable Analog Array (FPAA). Temperature dependencies of circuits are modeled using an open-source simulator built in the Scilab/XCOS environment and the results are compared with measurement data obtained from the FPAA. This comparison gives further insight into the temperature dependence of various circuits and signal processing systems and allows us to compensate as well as predict their behavior. Also, the work presents several different current and voltage references that could help in reducing the variability caused due to changes in temperature. These references are standard blocks in the Scilab/Xcos environment that could be easily compiled on the FPAA. An FG based current reference is then used for biasing a 12 × 1 Vector Matrix Multiplication (VMM) circuit and a second order G m − C bandpass filter to demonstrate the compilation and usage of these voltage/current reference in a reconfigurable fabric. The large scale FG FPAA presented here is fabricated in a 350 nm CMOS process.
Highlights
The number of systems combining elements from within and among the emerging technologies of sensors, communications, and robotics grows every day
A range of voltage and current reference generators are available to be compiled on the Field-Programmable Analog Array (FPAA) to reduce the temperature variability of the system
During programming mode, when the circuits and systems are getting compiled on the FPAA, the digital-to-analog converters (DAC)
Summary
The number of systems combining elements from within and among the emerging technologies of sensors, communications, and robotics grows every day. Recent mixed-mode large-scale Field-Programmable Analog Array (FPAA) enables advanced functionality for a wide spectrum of sensor applications [5] These FPAAs combine the energy-efficiency, reconfigurability, and programmability of floating-gate-based analog signal processing with the precision and compatibility of digital, thereby a variety of analog circuitry implemented on FPAAs serve as building blocks of more complex signal processing functions [5]. We propose to use a Floating Gate (FG) as a programmable element to achieve reasonable temperature insensitivity rather than trimming/single value FG to achieve precision [9] These references form standard blocks in the open source tools built in the Scilab/Xcos environment, available online [10,11]. 15 min is allowed to ensure that the FPAA die reaches the desired temperature value
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