Abstract
espanolLa presente investigacion se planteo como objetivo principal elaborar un modelo explicativo y predictivo de ideacion suicida en estudiantes de un bachillerato mexicano. Los participantes del estudio fueron estudiantes de tres carreras tecnicas de una institucion de educacion publica del estado de Jalisco, Mexico. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 911 alumnos, seleccionados a traves de un muestreo no probabilistico. Las variables exogenas que se contemplaron fueron el sexo, el apoyo social percibido, el ajuste y la victimizacion escolar, la conducta alimentaria de riesgo, la insatisfaccion con la imagen corporal y la depresion. El instrumento para medir la ideacion suicida fue la escala de ideacion suicida desarrollada por Beck, Kovacs y Weissman, la cual mide las diversas caracteristicas y la frecuencia de pensamientos y actitudes referentes a la intencionalidad de cometer suicidio. Mediante un analisis de regresion lineal multiple se construyo un modelo explicativo y predictivo de ideacion suicida que incluyo las variables de depresion, apoyo familiar y problemas de ajuste a la escuela. A partir de los hallazgos se sugiere desarrollar estrategias de intervencion en el contexto escolar y familiar que se enfoquen, de manera primordial, a las variables que predicen un aumento significativo de la ideacion suicida. EnglishThe objective of this research was to develop an explicative and predictive model of suicidal ideation in Mexican high school students. The study participants were students of three technical careers from a public education institution in the state of Jalisco, Mexico. The sample consisted of 911 students, selected through non-probabilistic sampling. The exogenous variables were sex, social support, adjustment and school victimization, risky eating behavior, dissatisfaction with body image and depression. The instrument for measuring suicidal ideation was the “Suicidal Ideation Scale” developed by Beck, Kovacs and Weissman which measures the characteristics and frequency of thoughts and attitudes about the intentionality of committing suicide. An explicative and predictive model of suicidal ideation was constructed that included the variables of depression, family support and adjustment problems to the school through a Multiple Linear Regression analysis. Based on the findings, it is suggested to develop intervention strategies within the school and family context focused on the variables that predict a significant increase in suicidal ideation.
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