Modelo alternativo de coleta seletiva municipal com a utilização de triciclos: uma avaliação comparativa sustentável

Abstract

Objective of the study: This research has as main objective to propose an alternative model of municipal selective collection to the existing one performing a comparative analysis based on the global and local atmospheric emissions of the municipal selective collection. As specific objectives, it is intended to understand the evolution of research on solid waste management and sustainability; identify the selective collection models that are used nationally and internationally; carry out a survey of sustainability indicators applied to solid waste management; create a model for comparative analysis of selective collection logistics systems; analyze and compare the current model of selective collection with the proposed model based on sustainability indicators, focusing on the environmental dimension. Procedures/Method for solving the problem: In order to solve the research problem, a flowchart of Steps was drawn up that define the study area, type of waste analyzed, the elements and waste generators. Subsequently, they identify, quantify and map the selective collection currently adopted in the municipality. Then, an alternative model of selective collection was proposed, in which it is evaluated by attributes and performance measures. Finally, a comparative analysis was performed, verifying the percentage improvement obtained by the proposed model, according to the attributes and performance measures defined for the study. Results: Through the proposal to use tricycles for selective collection in the municipality of Resende, it was possible to obtain a 78.28% reduction in global atmospheric emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) and local effects. The reduction in CO2 emissions, the main GHG, in the proposed model reached more than 7,600 tons per year, further supporting the reduction of emissions contained in the Paris Agreement of which Brazil is part. Reductions in greenhouse gas emissions still contribute to the reduction of deaths due to complications in the respiratory system in the municipality. Practical implications: The result obtained demonstrates the need to evaluate alternative models for selective collection, mainly in the impact of atmospheric emissions generated by the transport of waste. The concern for alternative models of selective collection must be a priority for all the agents responsible for the management of municipal solid waste. With the extension of the deadline for the delivery of Municipal Plans for Integrated Solid Waste Management until 2024, this work contributes towards proposing an alternative model of municipal selective collection. The proposed procedure still allows for replication in other municipalities, and can still be adopted gradually, since it is possible to select only one “sector” of the municipality, as well as to evaluate the performance of selective collection with other aspects of sustainability. Originality and contributions: The research highlights the need to implement alternative models in municipal selective collection, in addition to demonstrating the reductions generated in atmospheric emissions of global GHGs and local emissions in the transport of waste. The proposed procedure also makes it possible to assess other or all aspects of sustainability (triple bottom line) in municipal selective collection, in addition to enabling the assessment and comparison of other stages of solid waste management, such as generation, sorting and marketing recyclable waste. Technical/Technological Production: The research improved a procedure guide for evaluating and comparing logistics chains based on sustainability indicators and measures.