Abstract
Wind power plants depend greatly on weather conditions, thus being considered intermittent, uncertain and non-dispatchable. Due to the massive integration of this energy resource in the recent decades, it is important that transmission and distribution system operators are able to model their electrical behaviour in terms of steady-state power flow, transient dynamic stability, and short-circuit currents. Consequently, in 2015, the International Electrotechnical Commission published Standard IEC 61400-27-1, which includes generic models for wind power generation in order to estimate the electrical characteristics of wind turbines at the connection point. This paper presents, describes and details the models for wind turbine topologies Types 1 and 2 following IEC 61400-27-1 for electrical simulation purposes, including the values for the parameters for the different subsystems. A hardware-in-the-loop combined with a real-time simulator is also used to analyse the response of such wind turbine topologies under voltage dips. The evolution of active and reactive powers is discussed, together with the wind turbine rotor and generator rotational speeds.
Highlights
Renewable energy sources can provide an acceptable solution for two important issues related to the electricity supply
The difference between fixed speed wind turbines (FSWTs) and variable speed wind turbines (VSWTs) is that FSWTs always work at the same rotational speed, whereas VSWTs can modify their rotational speed in order to follow the optimum power point for each wind speed
We conduct the modelling of Types 1 and 2 wind turbines with a hardware-in-the-loop combined with a real-time simulator, following Standard International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 61400-27-1
Summary
Renewable energy sources can provide an acceptable solution for two important issues related to the electricity supply. They can help to (i) reduce the greenhouse gas emissions; and (ii) mitigate the importation of fuels from other countries [1,2]. Over recent decades, power systems have slowly been changing, with some traditional power plants (mainly based on fossil and nuclear fuels) being replaced by renewable energy sources generation units [3,4]. The most widely developed and installed renewable energy sources is wind power [5,6], which accounted for more than 650 GW of installed capacity in 2019 [7] and, plays an increasingly important role in current power systems [8,9]. The difference between FSWTs and VSWTs is that FSWTs always work at the same rotational speed (regardless of wind speed), whereas VSWTs can modify their rotational speed in order to follow the optimum power point for each wind speed
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