Abstract
The dietary exposure to the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) can be assessed by human biomonitoring (HBM). Here, we assessed the relation between dietary DON intake and the excretion of its major metabolite DON-15-glucuronide (DON15GlcA) through time, in an everyday situation. For 49 volunteers from the EuroMix biomonitoring study, the intake of DON from each meal was calculated and the excretion of DON and its metabolites was analyzed for each urine void collected separately throughout a 24-h period. The relation between DON and DON15GlcA was analyzed with a statistical model to assess the residence time and the excreted fraction of ingested DON as DON15GlcA (fabs_excr). Fabs_excr was treated as a random effect variable to address its heterogeneity in the population. The estimated time in which 97.5% of the ingested DON was excreted as DON15GlcA was 12.1 h, the elimination half-life was 4.0 h. Based on the estimated fabs_excr, the mean reversed dosimetry factor (RDF) of DON15GlcA was 2.28. This RDF can be used to calculate the amount of total DON intake in an everyday situation, based on the excreted amount of DON15GlcA. We show that urine samples collected over 24 h are the optimal design to study DON exposure by HBM.
Highlights
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a foodborne mycotoxin that is produced by several Fusarium spp
The gamma distribution provided the best fit for the residence time, as indicated by the lowest Akaike Information Criteria (AIC)
We modelled the distribution of the DON15GlcA residence time and excreted fraction following DON intake in an everyday situation
Summary
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a foodborne mycotoxin that is produced by several Fusarium spp. These fungi can infect various types of grains in the field and DON is commonly found in grains after harvest and subsequently in grain-based products. A recently published report on climate change as a driver of emerging risks for food and feed safety indicated that the exposure to DON is expected to increase as a result of climate change [2]. Other forms of DON have been reported, such as the plant metabolite of DON, DON-3-glucoside (DON3G), which is called a modified mycotoxin. Other forms of DON that have been reported to occur in foods are 3-acetyl-DON (3ADON) and 15-acetyl-DON (15ADON), and to a minor extent, modified DON glutathione-conjugates [1,5,6]
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