Abstract
Using our three dimensional (3D) time-dependent kinematic HAFSS model we propagate the March 2012 solar events from the Sun to Voyager 1 (V1) to investigate if these solar events could be responsible for the V1 April-May 2013 Plasma Wave Spectrometer (PWS) measurements of enhanced 2-3 kHz signals. These PWS measurements provided the basis for the confirmation that V1 entered the interstellar medium (ISM). These enhanced PWS signals also were associated with significantly increased plasma densities consistent with expectations for the ISM. The origin of these enhanced plasma densities was attributed to the April-May 2013 arrival at the heliopause of the disturbances associated with the March 2012 solar events. Using HAFSS we propagate from the Sun the March 2012 solar wind ambient background and the solar wind impulsive events for comparisons with in-situ spacecraft measurements at Earth, V1 (at 34 degrees North), and Voyager 2 (at 30 degrees South). The in-situ measurements of the March 2012 events were obtained over a wide range in radial distance, longitude, and latitude. This emphasizes the importance of using a 3D time-dependent model that originates at the Sun. From our analyses we conclude that the March 2012 solar events could have been responsible for the April-May 2013 V1 enhanced plasma wave signals and their associated increased plasma densities measured by the PWS indicating V1 was in the ISM.
Highlights
The Voyager 1 (V1) energetic particle measurements from April-August 2012 provided information [1,2,3] that the V1 spacecraft (s/c) may have been near the heliopause (HP)
From our analyses we conclude that the March 2012 solar events could have been responsible for the April-May 2013 V1 enhanced plasma wave signals and their associated increased plasma densities measured by the Plasma Wave Spectrometer (PWS) indicating V1 was in the interstellar medium (ISM)
[5] found evidence in the Plasma Wave Spectrometer (PWS) measurements of enhanced signals in the 2-3 kHz range consistent with the substantial increase in plasma density expected if V1 entered the ISM. [5] suggested that these enhanced PWS plasma wave signals were associated with the V1 PWS detecting the impacts of the March 2012 solar events on the HP
Summary
The Voyager 1 (V1) energetic particle measurements from April-August 2012 provided information [1,2,3] that the V1 spacecraft (s/c) may have been near the heliopause (HP). [5] found evidence in the Plasma Wave Spectrometer (PWS) measurements of enhanced signals in the 2-3 kHz range consistent with the substantial increase in plasma density expected if V1 entered the ISM. [5] suggested that these enhanced PWS plasma wave signals were associated with the V1 PWS detecting the impacts of the March 2012 solar events on the HP The purpose of this present paper is to investigate whether solar events in March 2012 gave rise to interplanetary plasma disturbances (e.g., shocks, merged interaction regions (MIRs), etc.) that could [5] found evidence in the Plasma Wave Spectrometer (PWS) measurements of enhanced signals in the 2-3 kHz range consistent with the substantial increase in plasma density expected if V1 entered the ISM. [5] suggested that these enhanced PWS plasma wave signals were associated with the V1 PWS detecting the impacts of the March 2012 solar events on the HP.
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