Abstract
Campylobacter genus is the bacteria responsible for campylobacteriosis infections, and it is the commonest cause of gastroenteritis in adults and infants. The disease is hyperendemic in children in most parts of developing countries. It is a zoonotic disease that can be contracted via direct contact, food, and water. In this paper, we formulated a deterministic model for Campylobacteriosis as a zoonotic disease with optimal control and to determine the best control measure. The nonstandard finite difference scheme was used for the model analysis. The disease-free equilibrium of the scheme in its explicit form was determined, and it was shown to be both locally and globally asymptotically stable. The campylobacteriosis model was extended to optimal control using prevention of susceptible humans contracting the disease and treatment of infected humans and animals. The objective function was optimised, and it was established that combining prevention of susceptible humans and treatment of infected animals was the effective control measure in combating campylobacteriosis infections. An analysis of the effects of contact between susceptible and infected animals as well susceptible and infected humans was conducted. It showed an increase in infected animals and humans whenever the contact rate increases and decreases otherwise. Biologically, it implies that campylobacteriosis infections can be controlled by ensuring that interactions among susceptible humans, infected animals, and infected humans is reduced to the barest minimum.
Highlights
Campylobacter genus is the bacteria responsible for campylobacteriosis infections
They are infected with campylobacteriosis through ingestion of contaminated water, foods, and direct contact with infected animals and humans at a rate ðIv + IhÞβ: Infected humans recover from campylobacteriosis at a rate γ
A deterministic model that explains the spread dynamics of campylobacteriosis infection was formulated and analysed for its qualitative and quantitative solutions
Summary
Campylobacter genus is the bacteria responsible for campylobacteriosis infections This is solely the commonest cause of gastroenteritis in adults and mostly infants [1]. Symptomatic persons can infect others directly and contaminate water and food during the infectious period of campylobacteriosis. Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine through direct contact with infected humans or animals via the fecal-oral path of transmission. The concept of deterministic modelling involves the process of constructing, testing, and validating models These models are real representations of natural phenomena of systems or hypothesis in a mathematical perspective [6, 7]. Understanding the mechanism and causes of patterns present in an observed data is usually an objective that initiates a deterministic modelling process [8, 9]. Authors in [12,13,14] proposed and formulated models that attempts to explain this hidden and existing phenomena
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