Abstract
The single shot damage thresholds of multilayer optics for high-intensity short-wavelength radiation sources are theoretically investigated, using a model developed on the basis of experimental data obtained at the FLASH and LCLS free electron lasers. We compare the radiation hardness of commonly used multilayer optics and propose new material combinations selected for a high damage threshold. Our study demonstrates that the damage thresholds of multilayer optics can vary over a large range of incidence fluences and can be as high as several hundreds of mJ/cm(2). This strongly suggests that multilayer mirrors are serious candidates for damage resistant optics. Especially, multilayer optics based on Li(2)O spacers are very promising for use in current and future short-wavelength radiation sources.
Highlights
Multilayer coated optics [1] are used in many experiments at the new generation of extreme ultraviolet (XUV) and soft X-ray (SXR) radiation sources
A model that explains the damage induced by femtosecond XUV pulses, in Mo/Si and MoN/SiN multilayer optics, was developed [7,8]
We selected commonly used materials for multilayer optics, as well as new material combinations that are appropriate for short wavelengths in the XUV and SXR ranges
Summary
Multilayer coated optics [1] are used in many experiments at the new generation of extreme ultraviolet (XUV) and soft X-ray (SXR) radiation sources. These short-wavelength Free Electron Lasers (FELs) [2], High Harmonic Generation [3,4] and plasma-based X-ray lasers [5,6] instruments provide ultra-short (from atto- to nanoseconds) pulses of very high intensity that may induce radiation damage in optical coatings. We selected commonly used materials for multilayer optics, as well as new material combinations that are appropriate for short wavelengths in the XUV and SXR ranges. The results are important for optimizing the design of optics for current and future short-wavelength radiation sources
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