Abstract
This work proposes a model of particle agglomeration in elastic valves replicating the geometry and the fluid dynamics of a venous valve. The fluid dynamics is simulated with Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics, the elastic leaflets of the valve with the Lattice Spring Model, while agglomeration is modelled with a 4-2 Lennard-Jones potential. All the models are combined together within a single Discrete Multiphysics framework. The results show that particle agglomeration occurs near the leaflets, supporting the hypothesis, proposed in previous experimental work, that clot formation in deep venous thrombosis is driven by the fluid dynamics in the valve.
Highlights
Various ‘non-return’ valves are found in our leg veins [1]
We developed a Discrete Multiphysics model combining the fluid
Structure interaction model of [11,12] with the agglomeration model of Rhamat et al [24]. It combines an element of novelty with a specific research question concerning the potential role of hydrodynamics in the early stages of agglomeration in Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)
Summary
Various ‘non-return’ valves are found in our leg veins [1]. These valves consist of two elastic leaflets that open and close in conjunction with the musculoskeletal system. One hypothesis suggests that these thrombi initially form in the venous valves [5], and subsequently detach from the veins and travel within the blood flow until they reach the pulmonary vascular system. They cause blockage of the pulmonary artery branches, resulting in death or significant disabilities [6,7,8,9]. It is recognised that the lack of physical activity or long static position causes poor blood circulation, increasing the risk of DVT. This suggests that fluid dynamics in the valve play an important role in causing DVT [10]
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