Modelling of underground objects and geological-tectonic structures from a point cloud: application of the developed models in studies of geodynamic processes

Damian Kasza,Jan B Blachowski,D Kasza,J Górniak-Zimroz

doi:10.1051/e3sconf/20185500014

Damian Kasza, Jan B Blachowski + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20185500014

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Abstract

At present, techniques of terrestrial laser scanning are one of the most popular survey methods. They allow for fast and non-invasive data acquisition even up to several tens of thousands points per minute. Apart from high precision and measurement efficiency, one of its assets is the possibility of working in objects with natural or artificial light. Due to this, the method may be successfully used in activities related e.g. with the surveying of the present state of underground excavations. The basic product derived from laser scanning measurements is a point cloud. This set is the input data for the construction of a 3D object with a closed surface, e.g. a mesh network. This paper presents the results of inventory works performed in a complex of underground excavations below Książ Castle in Lower Silesia (SW Poland). Based on a point cloud acquired during the measurements, a 3D model of the excavations was constructed. Open source software – MeshLab – was used in the modelling. The high-resolution, calibrated metric model of the underground excavations allowed for a macroscopic recognition of the position of the main tectonic structures cutting the space of the underground excavations. The obtained model was supplemented with the results of earlier geodetic and geological surveys, performed in 2013-2015. The generated model of the geological structure in the study area is an element supporting the interpretation of kinematic activity of the rock massif registered by the instruments of the SRC PAS Geodynamic Laboratory in Książ.

Highlights

Studies of the natural environment are a key to recognise the mechanisms of processes taking place within it
Application of Autodesk 3DS Max software for each dislocation zone resulted in determining study sites in the 3D space
Use of input data in form of a point cloud and MeshLab software has allowed for constructing a high-resolution metric model of WKH XQGHUJURXQG H[FDYDWLRQV DW .VLąĪ The applied algorithm used in the reconstruction of a mesh surface – Poisson Surface Reconstruction – turned out to be optimal at application of reconstruction depth at 14 (Tab. 2)

Summary

Introduction

Studies of the natural environment are a key to recognise the mechanisms of processes taking place within it. This applies to Earth Sciences: geology, geophysics, geochemistry, etc. Continuous measurements of displacements performed by permanent GNSS receivers or registered by seismological observatories are good examples The data that they supply are the basis for the analysis and interpretation of phenomena such as displacements of the upper layers of the lithosphere or effects caused by earthquakes. Presentation of the modelled phenomena requires a virtual image of the environment in which the given processes take place This requires the use of digital models of land surface or the upper parts of the lithosphere from soundings or from analysis of material from deep boreholes

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Discussion

Conclusion