Abstract
Ultrasonic flow meters based on time of flight measurements gain more and more importance in various areas of application. Examples are heat meters for the consumption of hot water supplied by district heating companies, and household gas meters1. The basic principle of such a flowmeter is shown in Fig. 1. From the left transducer, an ultrasonic pulse is sent into the direction of the flow. Its time of flight to the other transducer t down is measured. For comparison, the time of flight t up into the opposite direction is also determined. The effective flow velocity v F defined by the ratio F/S of total flow rate F and nominal cross sectional area S of the tube, is calculated according to the formula
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