Modelling of propagating instabilities in pseudoelastic NiTi tubes under combined tension–torsion: helical bands and apparent yield locus

Abstract

This paper is concerned with modelling of propagating instabilities and transformation patterns in NiTi tubes subjected to combined tension–torsion loading. A recently developed gradient-enhanced finite-strain model of pseudoelasticity is employed for this purpose, and respective finite-element computations are carried out. It is shown that the model is capable of representing a number of experimentally observed effects. The major effect, which has not been successfully modelled to date, is that the transformation is inhomogeneous under tension-dominated loading and alters towards a homogeneous transformation as the level of torsion is increased. To capture this effect, the model must deliver a non-monotonic (up-down-up) stress–strain response in tension and a monotonic one in torsion, and this can be achieved if the model includes three features: tension–compression asymmetry, transverse isotropy of the transformation strain, and deformation-dependent hardening/softening response. A detailed study is also carried out regarding the transformation yield locus. The results reveal an ambiguity in determination of the yield locus for tension-dominated loading and hence an ambiguity in determination of the tension–compression asymmetry. This aspect seems to have been overlooked in the literature despite its impact on correct interpretation of experimental results.