Abstract
Battery ageing is an important issue in e-mobility applications. The performance degradation of lithium-ion batteries has a strong influence on electric vehicles’ range and cost. Modelling capacity fade of lithium-ion batteries is not simple: many ageing mechanisms can exist and interact. Because calendar and cycling ageings are not additive, a major challenge is to model battery ageing in applications where the combination of cycling and rest periods are variable as, for example, in the electric vehicle application. In this work, an original approach to capacity fade modelling based on the formulation of reaction rate of a two-step reaction is proposed. A simple but effective model is obtained: based on only two differential equations and seven parameters, it can reproduce the capacity evolution of lithium-ion cells subjected to cycling profiles similar to those found in electric vehicle applications.
Highlights
Lithium-ion batteries constitute the most reliable energy storage technology for electric applications where energy density is critical
If only calendar ageing existed in these tests, their capacity fade would be between that of calendar ageing at state of charge (SoC) 100% and that of SoC 80%
Battery ageing in electric vehicles is composed of calendar and cycling ageing
Summary
Lithium-ion batteries constitute the most reliable energy storage technology for electric applications where energy density is critical. This is the case of electric vehicles, smart devices and portable power tools. Studying the ageing of batteries is still necessary because the degradation of their features largely determines the cost, the performances and the environmental impact of electric vehicles, of full electric vehicles. In this type of studies, battery ageing is typically classified in two types: calendar and cycling ageing. Calendar ageing occurs when a battery is at rest condition; this is when no current flows through the battery whereas cycling ageing occurs when the battery is charged or discharged
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