Abstract
The objective of the present study was to formulate a simple and at the same time effective mathematical model of heart rate kinetics in response to movement (exercise). Based on an existing model, a system of two coupled differential equations which give the rate of change of heart rate and the rate of change of exercise intensity is used. The modifications introduced to the existing model are justified and discussed in detail, while models of blood lactate accumulation in respect to time and exercise intensity are also presented. The main modification is that the proposed model has now only one parameter which reflects the overall cardiovascular condition of the individual. The time elapsed after the beginning of the exercise, the intensity of the exercise, as well as blood lactate are also taken into account. Application of the model provides information regarding the individual’s cardiovascular condition and is able to detect possible changes in it, across the data recording periods. To demonstrate examples of successful numerical fit of the model, constant intensity experimental heart rate data sets of two individuals have been selected and numerical optimization was implemented. In addition, numerical simulations provided predictions for various exercise intensities and various cardiovascular condition levels. The proposed model can serve as a powerful tool for a complete means of heart rate analysis, not only in exercise physiology (for efficiently designing training sessions for healthy subjects) but also in the areas of cardiovascular health and rehabilitation (including application in population groups for which direct heart rate recordings at intense exercises are not possible or not allowed, such as elderly or pregnant women).
Highlights
An understanding of heart rate kinetics combined with the correct and efficient way of data interpretation and analysis is fundamental to our knowledge of cardiovascular health and rehabilitation, and to fitness, weight management, training methodology and competitive success in sport and exercise
The interest of the scientific community in the area of exercise physiology was originally focused on oxygen uptake kinetics, where the term oxygen uptake (V_O2) refers to the product of cardiac output and the volume of oxygen extracted from the blood
The proposed model is expressed in the form of a system of coupled ordinary differential equations, one regarding the rate of change of heart rate and the other regarding the rate of change of exercise intensity
Summary
An understanding of heart rate kinetics combined with the correct and efficient way of data interpretation and analysis is fundamental to our knowledge of cardiovascular health and rehabilitation, and to fitness, weight management, training methodology and competitive success in sport and exercise. The interest of the scientific community in the area of exercise physiology was originally focused on oxygen uptake kinetics (see for example [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]), where the term oxygen uptake (V_ O2) refers to the product of cardiac output and the volume of oxygen extracted from the blood. Used and the easiest to obtain cardiovascular variable, the analysis and modeling of heart time series data recorded during exercise has become an area of major importance. The present work focuses on the effects related to exercise intensity and blood lactate, assuming that all other factors are kept constant
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
