Abstract
The goals of this paper are to briefly describe experimental methods that are used to measure SO 2 dry deposition, and to discuss the physical, biological and chemical processes that control SO 2 deposition fluxes over vegetation and to describe how these fluxes are modelled. The predominant pathway for gaseous SO 2 uptake to dry vegetation is via turbulent transfer through the atmosphere surface boundary layer and molecular diffusion through the leaf laminar boundary layer and the stomata. The soil surface is a significant, but weaker sink for sulphur, especially when frozen or covered with snow. The appreciable solubility of SO 2 causes its uptake to be enhanced greatly in the presence of moisture on leaves and the soil. The aqueous uptake of SO 2 , however, causes the pH of a solution to decrease which in turn produces a reduction in the solubility of SO 2 . Neutralising species (ammonia, inner plant species) may cancel this reduction. A method is proposed to estimate local scale dry deposition fluxes of SO 2 in Europe. The method combines long-range transport modelling results, land use and surface specific data and an inferential approach. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0889.1994.t01-2-00001.x
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