Modelling creep failure in welded plates under uniaxial loading

Abstract

Understanding more fully the behaviour of weldments is important since they can reduce the lifetime of structures at high temperatures, but performance factors are omitted from most existing design codes (with the exception of the high temperature fast reactor codes). Simple mathematical models which produce approximate solutions quickly are useful since they allow the design engineer to carry out rapid simulations. In this paper the ideas of continuum damage mechanics are incorporated into a model, based on the Cosserat theory of plates and a multi-axial version of Norton's creep law, which has been used recently to calculate the steady state creep strain rates in a weldment. Failure results are calculated numerically for a ferritic plate of constant thickness subject to uniaxial loading, the plate containing parent and weld metals, type IV material and a high-temperature heat-affected zone (HAZ). Results obtained for various material parameters and weldment configurations show that rupture times depend strongly on the choice of generalized stress in the damage evolution equation. The results also reveal that changes to the material strength of a region cannot be made in isolation if physically realistic results are to be obtained and, further, that early failures can occur if there are large differences in strength between the various parts of the weldment.