Abstract
Organic carbon (OC) accumulation in soil mitigates greenhouse gases emission and improves soil health. We aimed to quantify the dynamics of OC stock in soils and to justify technologies that allow annual increasing OC stock in the arable soil layer by 4‰. We based the study on a field experiment established in 1936 in the 9-field crop rotation with a fallow on Chernozem in European Russia. The RothC version 26.3 was used for the reproducing and forecasting OC dynamics. In all fertilizer applications at FYM background, there was a decrease in the OC stock with preferable loss of active OC, except the period 1964–1971 with 2–5‰ annual OC increase. The model estimated the annual C input necessary to maintain OC stock as 1900 kg·ha−1. For increasing OC stocks by 4‰ per year, one should raise input to 2400 kg·ha−1. The simulation was made for 2016–2090 using climate scenarios RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. Crop rotation without fallowing provided an initial increase of 3‰ and 6‰ of stocks in the RCP8.5 and RCP4.5 scenarios accordingly, followed by a loss in accumulated OC. Simulation demonstrates difficulties to increase OC concentration in Chernozems under intensive farming and potential capacity to rise OC stock through yield management.
Highlights
Organic carbon (OC) dynamics in the soil is given special attention during the last few decades [1].On the one hand, the relevance of these studies is related to the significant role of soil carbon in the global carbon cycle, which includes the release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, which is believed to have an impact on recent climate changes on Earth [2]
The same method for OC determination was used from the beginning of the experiment to its termination, and the determination was done in the same laboratory
If we look at the dynamics of recalcitrant plant material pool (RPM, Figure 7b), the MRT of which is 3.3 years
Summary
The relevance of these studies is related to the significant role of soil carbon in the global carbon cycle, which includes the release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, which is believed to have an impact on recent climate changes on Earth [2]. The importance of soil organic matter (SOM) for the soil health, its fertility, maintaining the species diversity of soil organisms and providing other ecosystem services related to the soil is being understood at a new level [3]. OC cycling and storage is regulated by multiple factors [4], which are susceptible to human impact and global climatic change [5]. Soil health is under the intense pressure of human activities, and the maintenance of soil health should be specially addressed [6]. OC stock is one of the main pre-conditions and indicators of soils health, and its preservation is an indispensable condition for the sustainability of agroecosystems
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