Abstract
Mango seed kernels are by-products of the consumption and transformation of mango fruits (Mangifera indica L.). Many ways of valorisation have been proposed, and among them, their phenolic compounds extraction. To increase the extraction yield, ultrasound-assisted extraction was modelled and optimized. The 4 factors Central Composite design associated with the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) were used to achieve that goal. The effect of extraction time, temperature, stirring rate and the Ultrasound Amplitude, on the total phenolic compound extraction yield and the total reducing power of the extract, were studied and modelled. The modelling allows us to do a multi-response optimization to identify the best-operating conditions to achieve at the same time the highest extraction yield and antioxidant capacity. The optimal operating conditions achieved were 41.82 min of extraction time, 54.75⁰C as extraction time, under 266.67 rpm as stirring rate, and 100% ultrasound amplitude. With an expected extraction yield of 71.35 mg GA/g, and 123.058 mg AA/g of total reducing power. 2 extraction cycles, under these conditions, are enough to extract a maximum of the phenolic content, under the described conditions.
Highlights
Polyphenolic compounds represent one of the major groups among secondary metabolite
This work aimed to optimize the extraction of polyphenolic compounds from mango seed kernels by solid-liquid extraction assisted by ultrasound
Linear (X1, X2, X3, X4), quadratic (X12, X22, X32, X42) and the interactions (X1*X2, X1*X3, X1*X4, X2*X3, X2*X4, X3*X4) components of the model have a significant effect on the extraction yield or the total reducing power if the probability p
Summary
Polyphenolic compounds represent one of the major groups among secondary metabolite They have a crucial role in plant growth, in addition to a very large variety of biological activities, as antioxidant activity, anti-microbial, anti-inflamatory, and others [1]. Many solid-liquid extraction techniques have been used to extract polyphenols, from different plant parts [2] They can be regrouped as conventional methods like maceration, infusion or decoction; and unconventional or advanced method like supercritical fluid extraction, Microwave-assisted extraction or Ultrasound-assisted extraction [3], [4] which is the technique used for this work. The main reasons behind those advantages are the cavitation and the mechanical mixing of the medium, induced by the sound waves [7] These two effects of the ultrasounds provoke the destruction of the plant solid matrix, and the increase of the local temperature. The solubility of the targeted component is increased, and their diffusion from the matrix to the solvent eased, leading to an increase of their mass transfer [8], [9]
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