Abstract
To better evaluate the configuration of battery packs in electric vehicles (EV) in the early design phase, this paper proposes a mathematic model for the simulation of battery packs based on the elementwise calculations of matrices. This model is compatible with the different battery models and has a fast simulation speed. An experimental platform is built for the verification. Based on the proposed model and the statistic features of battery cells, the influence of the number of paralleled cells in a battery pack is evaluated in Monte-Carlo experiments. The simulation results obtained from Monte-Carlo experiments show that the parallel number is able to influence the total energy loss inside the cells, the energy loss caused by the balancing of the battery management system (BMS) and the degradation of the battery pack.
Highlights
The production technology of battery cells has greatly progressed, but the unevenness of the cell properties, e.g., the capacity, the inner resistance and the polarization time constants, between different cells is still inevitable [1,2]
For the paralleled cells in the pack, due to the difference of the polarization time constants and the inner resistance, a self-balancing process between cells can be observed after a charge or discharge [3,4,5,6]
Based on the results collected in Monte-Carlo experiments, it can be concluded that the parallel standard of the capacity and the inner resistance of cellsof area significantly lower than those number isdeviations able to influence the efficiency and the degradation battery pack
Summary
The production technology of battery cells has greatly progressed, but the unevenness of the cell properties, e.g., the capacity, the inner resistance and the polarization time constants, between different cells is still inevitable [1,2]. For the paralleled cells in the pack, due to the difference of the polarization time constants and the inner resistance, a self-balancing process between cells can be observed after a charge or discharge [3,4,5,6]. Based on the and the features of NCR18650PF cells, with the focus on how the number of cells in parallel can influence the efficiency and on the different battery packs are generated and simulated in Monte-Carlo experiments with the focus degradation of battery packs. Using the integer l to represent the lth step of the simulation, assuming that the initial SOC values of all the cells are already known, and that the polarization voltage of all the cells is zero initially, the equations of state in Equation (3) can be obtained.
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