Abstract
Currently, hydrogen is considered as one of the most promising energy carriers, the production of which is possible from various raw materials, including water, natural gas, hydrogen sulphide, coal, etc. The article presents the main results of an analysis of global technological trends in the development of hydrogen generation methods in the period from 2010 to 2038, which aims to identify in-demand and popular technological solutions for hydrogen energy. The analysis is based on the International Energy Agency's database published in October 2022, which contains the most comprehensive information on the key characteristics of 990 hydrogen projects based in sixty countries: output, installed electrical power, carbon dioxide emissions, type of output, stage and timing of implementation. The analysis shows the steady leadership of electrolysis hydrogen generation technologies in the context of the search for the most widespread method of hydrogen production. At the same time, the global hydrogen energy industry has clearly expressed trends towards the increased introduction of alternative (non-electrolysis) technologies in large-scale industrial production. Based on the existing empirical Ullerberg model, a modified universal structural simulation model of hydrogen electrolysis generation in plants with alkaline electrolysers and with proton exchange membrane has been proposed. The modified model has been developed in MATLAB application package and Simulink dynamic simulation environment using Simscape physical simulation elements. Verification procedure of the developed model showed good agreement of simulation results with the experimental data available in the open sources and obtained at the alkaline electrolysis and proton exchange membrane electrolysis plants. To increase the energy efficiency of hydrogen production process, a single-loop system for automatic regulation of feed water temperature supplied to the proton-exchange membrane electrolysis unit was developed.
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