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Abstract
BDS-3 is now providing global positioning, navigation and timing (PNT) services. BDS-3 has new B1C, B2a and B2b signals compared to BDS-2. This work presents two single-frequency (SF) PPP time transfer models using BDS-3, B1C and B1I observations, and studies the performance of BDS-3 SF PPP time transfer by using 30-day data of 10 globally distributed stations from a multi-GNSS experiment (MGEX). We found that the ionospheric constraint SF PPP (SF1) time transfer model outperforms the method of SF PPP with the receiver clock offset at first epoch as the datum (SF2). Importantly, the statistical uncertainty of SF1 was less than 1 nanosecond, with (0.75, 0.71) ns in the average scheme for all time-links, using both B1I and B1C observations, respectively. The frequency stability of SF1 with B1C observations was improved from 1.73% to 13.04% in the short-term and from 0.88% to 17.49% in the long term, compared to that of B1I for all time-links. Hence, SF1 with B1C observations was recommended for SF PPP time transfer.
Highlights
IntroductionAcademic Editors: Augusto Mazzoni, Chung-yen Kuo and Qile Zhao
BDS-3 is capable of providing global PNT services
This study exhibited two single-frequency PPP models with BDS-3 B1I or B1C observations for time transfer and assessed the performance of BDS-3 SF PPP with 30-day observations from 10 stations selected from multi-GNSS experiment (MGEX) networks
Summary
Academic Editors: Augusto Mazzoni, Chung-yen Kuo and Qile Zhao. Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. BDS in China has officially provided PNT services for the world since July 2020 [1,2]. Compared to GPS, the BDS-3 adds many new features such as PPP-B2b service [3] and short-message communication devices [4]. BDS-3 provides B1C and B2a signals for improving compatibility with GPS and Galileo signals, in addition to B2b signals [5,6]
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