Abstract
Due to the high demand on hydrocarbon exploration nowadays and in future overall the world, the risk potential of Subsea gas and oil leakage increases and can lead to a catastrophic incidents such as explosion, fire or loss stability of subsea constructions. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to assess and control the potential of hazards for the gas flows from subsea pipelines rupture to sea surface with varying of influence parameters on gas plume. 2D Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations have been carried out. The influence parameters that contained in the present paper leakage hole sizes and water depths. The Rotvoll experiment data is used in order to validate numerical computational fluid dynamics model. The subsea gas diffusion behavior is investigated for the risk assessment aspect. The main parameters which included to assess the gas dispersion are rising time and fountain height. Observed from our sceneries results that the water depth has a major effect on gas rise time where the deeper water depth is about 3 times longer than the lower water depth to reach water surface whilst the hole size has a high effect on the fountain height where the larges hole size is approximately 2.1 times higher than the smaller hole size. So our objective is helping the petroleum companies to find a mitigation method by modelling and assessing the gas release in order to contain the subsea gas leakage.
Highlights
After centuries of technology the exploration and extraction of hydrocarbon resources have expanded offshore and into deeper waters, the Gulf of Mexico is one of the most important regions for energy resources and infrastructure for both onshore and offshore
The simulation and experimental fountain height are summarized in table II and the Centre line velocity is summarized in Fig. 4. (a) and (b)
A numerical analysis was conducted based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model to study the properties of underwater gas release and to assess the gas dispersion by focus on rising time and fountain height of gas plume in order to mitigate solution for petroleum companies
Summary
After centuries of technology the exploration and extraction of hydrocarbon resources have expanded offshore and into deeper waters, the Gulf of Mexico is one of the most important regions for energy resources and infrastructure for both onshore and offshore. Gulf of Mexico's offshore oil production reached to 17% of total U.S oil production. Offshore gas production in the Gulf contributed for 5% of U.S dry production in total. Over than 45% of U.S oil refining capacity was placed along the Gulf Coast [1]. Subsea extraction and transport techniques have been developed, including the subsea pipeline, Pipelines are widely used to transport the hydrocarbon fluids and fossil fuels and chemicals over millions of miles across the world
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